Joby Aviation develops electric vertical takeoff and landing aircraft.
eVTOL aircraft are at 1890s automotive stage; battery density improvements (40→300→1000 Wh/kg) will triple range; Toyota's 10M cars/year manufacturing expertise enables scale from tens to thousands of aircraft/year, driving cost from Uber Black parity to driving cost parity; commercial launch in Dubai summer 2025, US certification end of 2025.