With 21,000 engineers including hundreds of PhDs, CATL is applying AI to accelerate discovery of next-generation electrochemical systems beyond lithium-ion, treating material science as a c…

Solid-state battery commercialization faces a fundamental physics constraint: solid-solid interface diffusion is two orders of magnitude slower than liquid electrolytes, requiring extreme p…

Sodium-ion technology has achieved small-scale production for automakers; second-generation cells closing energy density gap with LFP will enable 20-30% substitution in short-range/small EV…

Battery makers with deep electrochemical R&D can structurally reduce critical mineral intensity: CATL cut cobalt from 33% to 0% by shifting to LFP and high-manganese chemistries, turning mi…

Energy storage systems (1 GWh = 1.5M+ cells, 7-9M components) require PPP (parts per billion) defect rates versus PPM for EVs, because 20-25 year stationary life with daily cycling makes de…